Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) present a distinctive capacity to convert near-infrared (NIR) light into higher-energy visible light. This phenomenon has inspired extensive exploration in various fields, including biomedical imaging, medicine, and optoelectronics. However, the possible toxicity of UCNPs poses substantial concerns that demand tho

Lead sulfide nanoparticle dots (QDs) represent a fascinating class of materials with exceptional optoelectronic properties due to their unique size-dependent band gap. These QDs exhibit tunable absorption and emission spectra in the visible region, making them highly desirable for a wide range of applications. Recent review delves into the diverse

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